If any of you are in doubt that your friend put you in blocked on Kakaotalk service, please use next method.
It has been introduced in my other blog and is still available.
Please visit next link to know more in detail.
How to know someone blocked me on Kakaotalk!!!
If you any question or need further information, mail me at sensechefhelp@gmail.com
Good life and love with Kakaotalk.
Thursday, November 22, 2012
Saturday, October 27, 2012
Beautiful autumnal tint around us !
It is autumn here in Korea and we can find out beautiful autumnal tint just where we are living.
This morning I went around my apartment with camera having pictured many of them enjoyable and want to share with you.
One of tree has red colored small fruit making lovely scene. This is just near parking lot. Beautiful place is not far away from us, but just be around us.
Full of autumnal tint tree is collocated with others who are still having green leaves, but these will soon be going into getting lovely color.
Leaves of ginkgo is shining by sunlight at morning. Pretty yellow color is deeper giving me delighted.
Fallen leaves over the ground seems to be abandoned and I hope this will return to a nature having back to others in next spring.
One security of apartment management is clearing out leaves. He might be hate these leaves from his burden to do cleaning while I am happy to see them. It is a kind of irony. ^^
Lovely tree tunnel in small park gives relaxation to me. I will be here frequently with my family.
Color of autumn makes me happy. Do all of resident here enjoy or know this beauty ?
I hope people love what they already got. ^^
One of great flower in autumn is chrysanthemum. White flower is so clean and beautiful.
Yellow chrysanthemum is still young, and it will soon be full having lovely scenery with white one.
Swing here might be best place for lovers. They will fall in love if couple enjoy this swing together. Lovely scenery and atmosphere makes people happy and open to something.
The best place to enjoy the seasonal greatness is just around us. We don't need to go out any of famous palce, but just get around us.
Happy and lovely autumn of you ~
This morning I went around my apartment with camera having pictured many of them enjoyable and want to share with you.
One of tree has red colored small fruit making lovely scene. This is just near parking lot. Beautiful place is not far away from us, but just be around us.
Full of autumnal tint tree is collocated with others who are still having green leaves, but these will soon be going into getting lovely color.
Leaves of ginkgo is shining by sunlight at morning. Pretty yellow color is deeper giving me delighted.
Fallen leaves over the ground seems to be abandoned and I hope this will return to a nature having back to others in next spring.
One security of apartment management is clearing out leaves. He might be hate these leaves from his burden to do cleaning while I am happy to see them. It is a kind of irony. ^^
Lovely tree tunnel in small park gives relaxation to me. I will be here frequently with my family.
Color of autumn makes me happy. Do all of resident here enjoy or know this beauty ?
I hope people love what they already got. ^^
One of great flower in autumn is chrysanthemum. White flower is so clean and beautiful.
Yellow chrysanthemum is still young, and it will soon be full having lovely scenery with white one.
Swing here might be best place for lovers. They will fall in love if couple enjoy this swing together. Lovely scenery and atmosphere makes people happy and open to something.
The best place to enjoy the seasonal greatness is just around us. We don't need to go out any of famous palce, but just get around us.
Happy and lovely autumn of you ~
Friday, October 26, 2012
Solution for the error of installing ADT on Eclipse
Recently I have gotten several questions for the error of installing
Eclipse for Android Development Tools(ADT) and its code are as follows.
"Cannot complete the install because one or more required items could not be found."
Actually this error is generated by Eclipse and we can find several recommendations to solve this over Internet, but those information are not correct and makes us messed up.
Personally I experienced this error on my recent trial to install Eclipse and finally found the solution to be shared with you.
Error message on Eclipse for getting Android Tool kit.
What I found on this issue is so clear.
Recommendation over Internet for Eclipse version of Android Development Tools are incorrect. Mostly people told stable or best Eclipse version for Android Development Tools are Galileo, Ganymede, Europa. But this is old story. Google doesn't support these old versions for Android any longer.
Recommended Eclipse version for ADT(Android Development Tools) are as follows which can be found on Google's official page. Link is here.
As you can see above, Eclipse's minimum version for ADT is Helios or higher, and all of trials in older Eclipse version like Galileo, Ganymede, Europa should be failed.
Thererfore if you experienced "Cannot complete the install because one or more required items could not be found" error, then reinstall Helios or highter version of Eclipse. Then You can successfully get Android Development Tools for Eclipse without any errors.
This is posted on 26 October 2012, and you believe time has been passed a lot at the time of your reading this posting, please check out Google's revelant page for getting correct version accordingly from here(Link).
To get Eclipse software, use next link. This is for Eclipse Indigo.
For further reference of you, next are the full procedure for installling Android development Environments.
I hope this fixes your problem. If you have any question or need further information, put comments on this postings or send e-mail to me at help@sensechef.com
"Cannot complete the install because one or more required items could not be found."
Actually this error is generated by Eclipse and we can find several recommendations to solve this over Internet, but those information are not correct and makes us messed up.
Personally I experienced this error on my recent trial to install Eclipse and finally found the solution to be shared with you.
Error message on Eclipse for getting Android Tool kit.
What I found on this issue is so clear.
Recommendation over Internet for Eclipse version of Android Development Tools are incorrect. Mostly people told stable or best Eclipse version for Android Development Tools are Galileo, Ganymede, Europa. But this is old story. Google doesn't support these old versions for Android any longer.
Recommended Eclipse version for ADT(Android Development Tools) are as follows which can be found on Google's official page. Link is here.
ADT 20.0.3 (August 2012)
- Dependencies:
- Java 1.6 or higher is required for ADT 20.0.3.
- Eclipse Helios (Version 3.6.2) or higher is required for ADT 20.0.3.
- ADT 20.0.3 is designed for use with SDK Tools r20.0.3. If you haven't already installed SDK Tools r20.0.3 into your SDK, use the Android SDK Manager to do so.
As you can see above, Eclipse's minimum version for ADT is Helios or higher, and all of trials in older Eclipse version like Galileo, Ganymede, Europa should be failed.
Thererfore if you experienced "Cannot complete the install because one or more required items could not be found" error, then reinstall Helios or highter version of Eclipse. Then You can successfully get Android Development Tools for Eclipse without any errors.
This is posted on 26 October 2012, and you believe time has been passed a lot at the time of your reading this posting, please check out Google's revelant page for getting correct version accordingly from here(Link).
To get Eclipse software, use next link. This is for Eclipse Indigo.
Installing ADT on Eclipse.
- Run Eclipse
- Help >
Install new software > Add Button > Name:Android, location: http://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse
- Put check mark for Developer Tools, NDK Plugins.
- Click Next button.
- Window > Preferences > Android for Android SDK location.
1. Installing Java
Development kit (JDK)
At this time, "jdk-7u9" is good. Higher version is the best.
You should install JDK, not JRE. JRE is just for running only.
2. Installing Android SDK
3. Installing Eclipse
I hope this fixes your problem. If you have any question or need further information, put comments on this postings or send e-mail to me at help@sensechef.com
If you are Korean to read this in Korean language, visit this Korean Language link.
Good day !
Wednesday, March 28, 2012
Android app running on Windows.
We can now run Android app on Windows operating system after installing App. Player from Buestacks.
They made an Android emulator on Windows and this supports most of the Android App. about 4.5M.
You can download App from market and it can be synchronized to other Android devices.
It is the full supports of Android over Windows such as 7, Vista and XP.
The open app ecosystem of Android makes this revolution and influence of Google is being stretched into our daily life further.
To get this app Player, visit their website at http://www.bluestacks.com
Good luck in their business!
They made an Android emulator on Windows and this supports most of the Android App. about 4.5M.
You can download App from market and it can be synchronized to other Android devices.
It is the full supports of Android over Windows such as 7, Vista and XP.
The open app ecosystem of Android makes this revolution and influence of Google is being stretched into our daily life further.
To get this app Player, visit their website at http://www.bluestacks.com
Good luck in their business!
Tuesday, March 27, 2012
How can Intel success on virtual TV Biz?
Intel recently released their plan to go into virtual cable TV business.
But their new business has many of the negative perspection than the positive.
1. Possible poor contents line up
The contents providers like Paramount, one of major studios in U.S. are strongly tied to the current cable TV operators like Comcast. It isn't difficult to get the situation that Comcast could pressurize those contents providers having no selling their contents to Intel or unfavoriable condition on the contents sourcing.
Therefore Intel might not get enough contents, and sourcing cost of them would be higher.
2. Lack of experience in the high risked contents business.
Contents is one of high risk business. Only one movie out of 10 is successful and others are nearly being foggotten, 10% success rate. Main competiveness inTV biz is having full of inspiration of contents Biz from the past experience.
Intel will hire some experts on this industry, but Intel's corporate culture and management decision systems are based on the IT, manufacturer company. This culture is completely different to that of the contents business company. Only a few experts from the external could not change Intel to the contents TV business company.
3. Profitability from the burden of Set-Top-Box investments
Cable TV business requires to install set-top-box into every subscriber, and this uses huge investments.
Asumming unit price of set-top-box is $100, possible subscribers 10M, then total investments on this should be 10B. But this investments is only part of it, and Intel needs to do head-end equipments, contents sourcing, etc.
This kind of set-top-box business has big entry barriers to the new comer. I believe Intel would be difficult to get profitability so early.
4. Escalating net neutrality issues.
Intel doesn't have their own network while virtual TV business should consume large amount of network traffic bandwidth. If Intel only uses ISP's network for this business, it can be a kind of free-riding, and ISP wouldn't be happy to this situation.
American ISP has traffic control scheme per subscriber, and they would block Intel's TV traffic if Intel doesn't pay their traffic usage to ISP accordingly. This is an example of net neutrality issue that FCC is still working on it, and Intel case would ignite net neutrality debating/issue nationwidely or worldwidely.
To consider above, Intel's TV business would be very tough. Therefore quick and timely reaction under fully understanding of TV contents business is only solution on this issue.
Good luck in Intel's new business !
But their new business has many of the negative perspection than the positive.
1. Possible poor contents line up
The contents providers like Paramount, one of major studios in U.S. are strongly tied to the current cable TV operators like Comcast. It isn't difficult to get the situation that Comcast could pressurize those contents providers having no selling their contents to Intel or unfavoriable condition on the contents sourcing.
Therefore Intel might not get enough contents, and sourcing cost of them would be higher.
2. Lack of experience in the high risked contents business.
Contents is one of high risk business. Only one movie out of 10 is successful and others are nearly being foggotten, 10% success rate. Main competiveness inTV biz is having full of inspiration of contents Biz from the past experience.
Intel will hire some experts on this industry, but Intel's corporate culture and management decision systems are based on the IT, manufacturer company. This culture is completely different to that of the contents business company. Only a few experts from the external could not change Intel to the contents TV business company.
3. Profitability from the burden of Set-Top-Box investments
Cable TV business requires to install set-top-box into every subscriber, and this uses huge investments.
Asumming unit price of set-top-box is $100, possible subscribers 10M, then total investments on this should be 10B. But this investments is only part of it, and Intel needs to do head-end equipments, contents sourcing, etc.
This kind of set-top-box business has big entry barriers to the new comer. I believe Intel would be difficult to get profitability so early.
4. Escalating net neutrality issues.
Intel doesn't have their own network while virtual TV business should consume large amount of network traffic bandwidth. If Intel only uses ISP's network for this business, it can be a kind of free-riding, and ISP wouldn't be happy to this situation.
American ISP has traffic control scheme per subscriber, and they would block Intel's TV traffic if Intel doesn't pay their traffic usage to ISP accordingly. This is an example of net neutrality issue that FCC is still working on it, and Intel case would ignite net neutrality debating/issue nationwidely or worldwidely.
To consider above, Intel's TV business would be very tough. Therefore quick and timely reaction under fully understanding of TV contents business is only solution on this issue.
Good luck in Intel's new business !
Tuesday, March 20, 2012
Implication of iPad selling three million in 3 days
Apple computer announced they has sold three million of new iPad, since its launch on Friday, March 16, 2012.
This is very amazing record to be compared to 180 days of iPad2 to get three million selling in 2010.
(Source: Apple homepage)
We should carefully review what this kind of Apple's quick and massive selling record implicates to us.
Apple was considered to be lack of enough production and SCM(Supply Chain Management) capabilities holding huge products demands in such a short time.
Therefore delay of Apple's device delivery upon ordering is just believed to be the normal.
Having enough capabilities of production and SCM usually takes long time with complicated preparedness.
So Apple's quick selling of iPad3 in three days implicates that Apple is now competitive in the production and SCM area, too.
Apple's competitor, Samsung has strong competitiveness in those area because they have vertical and horizontal integration with their subsidiaries of the conglomerate.
Samsung and other Android side manufacturers will be very tough time if Apple who now has also very strong backoffice competitiveness is pushing them with highly valuable device and contents' intrinsic competitiveness.
Conclusively Samsung and other Android affiliate should be superior or at least the similiar level in the battle of the application ecosystem to compete with much strong Apple computer.
Android affiliate has siginificant advantages because they have the cooperative of several companies hoping to the collective intelligence, open systems compared to the closed of Apple's one.
This kind of hot competition between Apple and Android affiliate give us much benefits as it causes highly evolution, I hope all of them keep playing very well.
Good luck in the business.
This is very amazing record to be compared to 180 days of iPad2 to get three million selling in 2010.
We should carefully review what this kind of Apple's quick and massive selling record implicates to us.
Apple was considered to be lack of enough production and SCM(Supply Chain Management) capabilities holding huge products demands in such a short time.
Therefore delay of Apple's device delivery upon ordering is just believed to be the normal.
Having enough capabilities of production and SCM usually takes long time with complicated preparedness.
So Apple's quick selling of iPad3 in three days implicates that Apple is now competitive in the production and SCM area, too.
Apple's competitor, Samsung has strong competitiveness in those area because they have vertical and horizontal integration with their subsidiaries of the conglomerate.
Samsung and other Android side manufacturers will be very tough time if Apple who now has also very strong backoffice competitiveness is pushing them with highly valuable device and contents' intrinsic competitiveness.
Conclusively Samsung and other Android affiliate should be superior or at least the similiar level in the battle of the application ecosystem to compete with much strong Apple computer.
Android affiliate has siginificant advantages because they have the cooperative of several companies hoping to the collective intelligence, open systems compared to the closed of Apple's one.
This kind of hot competition between Apple and Android affiliate give us much benefits as it causes highly evolution, I hope all of them keep playing very well.
Good luck in the business.
Thursday, March 15, 2012
PC will not be gone by cloud service.
Recently one of the famous analyst company, Gartner announced their outlook that PC will be replaced with personal cloud service in year 2014.
But I am doubt that this would be happened in considering several factors influenced this trend.
To review this more confidently, I am going to include Tablet issue, too.
1. Why does cloud computing providers like Amazon focus to business market ?
The global leader in Cloud computing service, Amazon has business-oriented cloud service portfolio. Even they provide some of personal cloud service, most of them are business area service.
HP recently announced they will begin business-oriented cloud service in next two months.
Big company who has very good business review and incubation system is deeply reviewing current market condition in various view and way, and get final decision carefully.
It isn’t difficult to get feeling that personal cloud service is not well cooked up yet if we watch the business direction of these cloud service providers.
2. How do you use cloud service for your personal needs ? Don’t you use it only storing of your stuffs ?
In watching cloud service use pattern of people including me, cloud service for person is focused to only store his/her data in order to use it anywhere, anytime.
Even Google docs has many features of word processing, spreadsheet works, it doesn’t give much benefit to us in freedom and flexibility compared to that of PC. Therefore we mainly use cloud service to store some contents.
3. High quality video game can not be possible in cloud service.
The main application of PC at home is playing game for kids. The favorite recent on-line games typically requires high performance, high quality video functionality that cloud service can not do now. There should be technical progress in this area based on consumer needs, but it wouldn’t be such an easy one from characteristics of cloud service that server is doing most things requested from many clients. Even cloud server is ultimately high performance, graphic is just local client computer issue.
4. Securing the security is difficult in cloud service.
One of frequently recommended tips in terms of cloud service from bank’s home page is that we shouldn’t store our personal certificate in the cloud service.
If we or organization can trust cloud service firmly, we wouldn’t see this kind of recommendation.
Could we store our cookies which is the result of our activities in web surfing at the cloud service ?
This would happen if we only use cloud service by throwing away personal computer at home.
Personally I will not put all of my personal stuff and records on the cloud service which can be revealed them in cyberspace by my mistake or hacking.
5. Personal privacy of contents use can not be taken in cloud service.
One of important and personal use of PC at home is watching and enjoying the movie which are the kind of illegally downloaded movie, adult video, etc and you never want somebody else know it. Will you enjoy those contents in the cloud service ?
6. Touch screen based Tablet computing can not support precise-control-required computing.
Will you use Excel work which is requiring high volume data in pivot analysis on the tablet or smart phone ? Small screen, possible error in typing, slow speed of input are the obstacle on this case.
Will you use tablet or smart phone to draw something on AutoCAD ?
As I mentioned above, cloud service or tablet computing couldn’t compete to PC computing at home in various area even evolution of technology is supporting them, and I believe PC will keep having important role at home without being disappeared.
I also agree that some sector of people will totally use cloud service or tablet computing, and contents or service(not individual device) will be important in the future.
I wish PC will be evolved to support us at home with other devices having our life more fun and enjoyable.
Thanks a lot.
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
Tips for putting pretty shadows on the image by Photoshop
Image could be better and pretty if we add some shadows. Even we can also change the shadow in the image by relocating the position of light sources like sun, bulbs, etc.
Let's see the results first.
Retouched image having shadow.
Source image (from http://visipix.com)
Above souce image is just normal image we can see around us, and it doesn't give much feeling to us. It doesn't have any specific differentiated things and doesn't attract us at all.
The gray, background color on the source doesn't match with golden colored statue.
Obviously we can't see any shadow because this statue is located on some heights from the ground. Therefore I want to put simulated shadow for better feeling.
Working orders are as follows.
1. Open source image in Photoshop(I am using Photoshop CS5).
2. Duplicate background layer and apply distort effect by Edit>Transform>Distort
3. Stretch the image freely in direction you want to change by dragging control points.
In this case, I stretched it forward down as shown in below.
4. Click check button in the upper option bar for finishing. Change the color of shadow image to black and white by "Image>Adjustment>Black & White".
5. Delete the gray colored background area after selecting it by quick mask mode(Press "Del" key").
<Image after removing its background>
6. There is overlapped area between original and shadow layer and it decreases the reality of output as shown in below. This can be removed by using "Eraser" tool.
Apply lower fill value and Gaussian blur to get shadow being the real(Filter>Blur>Gaussian Blur).
7. Now change the main image's background from gray color to the matched one. Select background area by quick mask mode and delete it by pressing "Del", change it to the similiar color of statue.
8. Result of work is as follows. Statue is looking good with matched background color.
Removing the background at first is important. In my case, I forgot doing it at first, and multiple removing at the shadow and main layer were done. But I put that for illustrative purpose here. Well designing of work flow is important having save your valuable time.
Well matched ?
I hope this posting can be helpful to you !
Let's see the results first.
Retouched image having shadow.
Source image (from http://visipix.com)
Above souce image is just normal image we can see around us, and it doesn't give much feeling to us. It doesn't have any specific differentiated things and doesn't attract us at all.
The gray, background color on the source doesn't match with golden colored statue.
Obviously we can't see any shadow because this statue is located on some heights from the ground. Therefore I want to put simulated shadow for better feeling.
Working orders are as follows.
1. Open source image in Photoshop(I am using Photoshop CS5).
2. Duplicate background layer and apply distort effect by Edit>Transform>Distort
3. Stretch the image freely in direction you want to change by dragging control points.
In this case, I stretched it forward down as shown in below.
4. Click check button in the upper option bar for finishing. Change the color of shadow image to black and white by "Image>Adjustment>Black & White".
5. Delete the gray colored background area after selecting it by quick mask mode(Press "Del" key").
<Image after removing its background>
6. There is overlapped area between original and shadow layer and it decreases the reality of output as shown in below. This can be removed by using "Eraser" tool.
Apply lower fill value and Gaussian blur to get shadow being the real(Filter>Blur>Gaussian Blur).
7. Now change the main image's background from gray color to the matched one. Select background area by quick mask mode and delete it by pressing "Del", change it to the similiar color of statue.
8. Result of work is as follows. Statue is looking good with matched background color.
Removing the background at first is important. In my case, I forgot doing it at first, and multiple removing at the shadow and main layer were done. But I put that for illustrative purpose here. Well designing of work flow is important having save your valuable time.
Well matched ?
I hope this posting can be helpful to you !
High possibility of Windows 8 failure with current approach !
Extended use of smart phone and tablet PC would deeply impact Microsoft who is an emperor on the personal computer market.
How is Microsoft recovered from this difficulties ?
Recently Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, and this new O/S can be freely downloaded in the Microsoft home page.
Download link for this.
The purpose of this is certainly being responded from users around the world.
The reaction from people who used this consumer preview version are quite different and it can be classified into two categories.
One is good from the tablet PC users, the other is bad from legacy PC users who are still using mouse and keyboard as an input device.
The first hot topic/issue from reviewers of this was how to completely remove Metro UI with having back to the old "Start" button screen interface, and most of these users have non-tablet PC.
This indicates that non-tablet PC computing can not be welcome Windows 8 touch screen based environment, and this should be the top concern of Microsoft over Windows 8 planning.
According to various reports, most enterprises still use Windows XP, and more than half of Windows O/S users are happy with Windows XP.
Microsoft also plans to withdraw supporting Windows XP in year 2014.
Therefore enterprise should be prepared to migrate from Windows XP to either Windows 7 or Windows 8.
But Windows 8 is focused to tablet PC computing, not considering for enterprise's
legacy mouse and keyboard computing environments.
Microsoft's Windows 8 strategy can be compared to that of Apple computer.
Apple has two track strategy, Mac OS X for legacy mouse and keyboard computing,
iOS for the tablet PC.
Why does Apple choose this kind of strategy ?
Microsoft should carefully review the reason on this.
I believe computing over tablet is completely different to that of the legacy, and these two opposite characteristic could not be incorporated into one O/S(Operating System).
Therefore I believe Microsoft also has two O/S strategy of,
1. Windows tablet O/S for metro UI based touch screen computing
2. Windows 8 O/S for legacy computing environments.
If they do like that, enterprise has incentive to migrate into Windows 8.
I hope this possible strategy could be helpful to Microsoft, and welcome it as a user of wonderful Windows O/S.
How is Microsoft recovered from this difficulties ?
Recently Microsoft released Windows 8 Consumer Preview, and this new O/S can be freely downloaded in the Microsoft home page.
Download link for this.
The purpose of this is certainly being responded from users around the world.
The reaction from people who used this consumer preview version are quite different and it can be classified into two categories.
One is good from the tablet PC users, the other is bad from legacy PC users who are still using mouse and keyboard as an input device.
The first hot topic/issue from reviewers of this was how to completely remove Metro UI with having back to the old "Start" button screen interface, and most of these users have non-tablet PC.
This indicates that non-tablet PC computing can not be welcome Windows 8 touch screen based environment, and this should be the top concern of Microsoft over Windows 8 planning.
According to various reports, most enterprises still use Windows XP, and more than half of Windows O/S users are happy with Windows XP.
Microsoft also plans to withdraw supporting Windows XP in year 2014.
Therefore enterprise should be prepared to migrate from Windows XP to either Windows 7 or Windows 8.
But Windows 8 is focused to tablet PC computing, not considering for enterprise's
legacy mouse and keyboard computing environments.
Microsoft's Windows 8 strategy can be compared to that of Apple computer.
Apple has two track strategy, Mac OS X for legacy mouse and keyboard computing,
iOS for the tablet PC.
Why does Apple choose this kind of strategy ?
Microsoft should carefully review the reason on this.
I believe computing over tablet is completely different to that of the legacy, and these two opposite characteristic could not be incorporated into one O/S(Operating System).
Therefore I believe Microsoft also has two O/S strategy of,
1. Windows tablet O/S for metro UI based touch screen computing
2. Windows 8 O/S for legacy computing environments.
If they do like that, enterprise has incentive to migrate into Windows 8.
I hope this possible strategy could be helpful to Microsoft, and welcome it as a user of wonderful Windows O/S.
Monday, March 12, 2012
Why does big cloud computing providers focusing to business sector ?
Recently, HP seems to have their own cloud computing service in
next two months, and they will have more business-oriented features.
The first comer, Amazon has same approach to focus business sector other
than private, home market.
Why aren't they interested to home market, even there are big consumer
bases at that area ?
Computer needs at home is different that at business office.
Mostly home computer has been used to play back high quality video,
playing various games including 3D one requiring much of higher
computing and graphical power.
Those needs also was driven at office, too, but it wasn't higher.
Today's cloud computing technology can not support well playing back high
quality video and enjoying high quality video game.
The fast response in on-line game is also very crucial , but cloud computing
doesn't give that level of requirements.
Therefore home consumer will not use cloud computing to replace their
home computer, and this makes Amazon and HP are now focusing to business
oriented service.
But technology is revolutionized quickly and someday all of obtacle will be taken away,
and I would use cloud computing !
Good luck and progress in cloud computing business !
next two months, and they will have more business-oriented features.
The first comer, Amazon has same approach to focus business sector other
than private, home market.
Why aren't they interested to home market, even there are big consumer
bases at that area ?
Computer needs at home is different that at business office.
Mostly home computer has been used to play back high quality video,
playing various games including 3D one requiring much of higher
computing and graphical power.
Those needs also was driven at office, too, but it wasn't higher.
Today's cloud computing technology can not support well playing back high
quality video and enjoying high quality video game.
The fast response in on-line game is also very crucial , but cloud computing
doesn't give that level of requirements.
Therefore home consumer will not use cloud computing to replace their
home computer, and this makes Amazon and HP are now focusing to business
oriented service.
But technology is revolutionized quickly and someday all of obtacle will be taken away,
and I would use cloud computing !
Good luck and progress in cloud computing business !
Who will be the winner at the home gateway battle ?
There is news that Google might unload the set-top-box business which had
taken through acquisition of Motorola Mobility.
This indicates that Google doens't have much importance of Motorola's
set-top-box business.
Another surprising news is that Cisco is also considering to sell the Scientific
Atlanta which is the majority of Cable TV's set-top-box business.
There are several IT devices or dummy consumer electronics at home. Those
are CATV/Satellite set-top-box, broadband modem(ADSL, VDSL), home
security device, home network controller, smart TV, referigerator, legacy TV, etc.
In my understanding, all of player at home are seeking to be main gateway
provider that consumer is connected to the Internet. From this business
domination, that player can prevail others easily.
But this gateway costs much of dollars to deploy as it has certain level of
computing power. If all of players are competiting against others, they all
are going to be failed in business.
If unit price of CATV set-top-box is about $100 per unit, total costs should
be increased dramatically by total subscribers.
What is the solution that players are win-win relationship ?
I suggest the modular type home gateway box which can support most of
functionality by changing the module card. Main interface box might be
jointly invested by players.
If consumer want to have IPTV service, telecommunication provider is
just putting IPTV module card into home gateway box, CATV into
CATV module, home security into camera/sensing module, etc.
The best players who can incorporate these functionality are set-top-box
manufacturers who are very experienced at home business environments.
If modular based jointly used home gateway box market is exploded,
Google would regret to sell its set-top-box business.
Who will be the winner at home gateway battle ? My answer is not just
some of players, but jointly used modular based home gateway box.
taken through acquisition of Motorola Mobility.
This indicates that Google doens't have much importance of Motorola's
set-top-box business.
Another surprising news is that Cisco is also considering to sell the Scientific
Atlanta which is the majority of Cable TV's set-top-box business.
There are several IT devices or dummy consumer electronics at home. Those
are CATV/Satellite set-top-box, broadband modem(ADSL, VDSL), home
security device, home network controller, smart TV, referigerator, legacy TV, etc.
In my understanding, all of player at home are seeking to be main gateway
provider that consumer is connected to the Internet. From this business
domination, that player can prevail others easily.
But this gateway costs much of dollars to deploy as it has certain level of
computing power. If all of players are competiting against others, they all
are going to be failed in business.
If unit price of CATV set-top-box is about $100 per unit, total costs should
be increased dramatically by total subscribers.
What is the solution that players are win-win relationship ?
I suggest the modular type home gateway box which can support most of
functionality by changing the module card. Main interface box might be
jointly invested by players.
If consumer want to have IPTV service, telecommunication provider is
just putting IPTV module card into home gateway box, CATV into
CATV module, home security into camera/sensing module, etc.
The best players who can incorporate these functionality are set-top-box
manufacturers who are very experienced at home business environments.
If modular based jointly used home gateway box market is exploded,
Google would regret to sell its set-top-box business.
Who will be the winner at home gateway battle ? My answer is not just
some of players, but jointly used modular based home gateway box.
All of Photoshop CS5's shortcuts with menu items
This is shortcuts of Photoshop CS5.
If you are looking for some function's shortcut, just click F while pressing Ctrl Key (Ctrl+F), and enter what you are looking for.
You can also just scroll down and up at the below.
If you are looking for some function's shortcut, just click F while pressing Ctrl Key (Ctrl+F), and enter what you are looking for.
You can also just scroll down and up at the below.
Application Menus | ||||
| Command | Shortcut | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| File | ||||
| New... | Ctrl+N | |||
| Open... | Ctrl+O | |||
| Browse in Bridge... | Alt+Ctrl+O Shift+Ctrl+O | |||
| Browse in Mini Bridge... | ||||
| Open As... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+O | |||
| Open As Smart Object... | ||||
| Open Recent> | ||||
| Clear Recent | ||||
| Share My Screen... | ||||
| Create New Review... | ||||
| Device Central... | ||||
| Close | Ctrl+W | |||
| Close All | Alt+Ctrl+W | |||
| Close and Go To Bridge... | Shift+Ctrl+W | |||
| Save | Ctrl+S | |||
| Save As... | Shift+Ctrl+S Alt+Ctrl+S | |||
| Check In... | ||||
| Save for Web & Devices... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+S | |||
| Revert | F12 | |||
| Place... | ||||
| Import> | ||||
| Variable Data Sets... | ||||
| Video Frames to Layers... | ||||
| Notes... | ||||
| WIA Support... | ||||
| Export> | ||||
| Data Sets as Files... | ||||
| Paths to Illustrator... | ||||
| Render Video... | ||||
| Send Video Preview to Device | ||||
| Video Preview... | ||||
| Zoomify... | ||||
| Automate> | ||||
| Batch... | ||||
| Create Droplet... | ||||
| Crop and Straighten Photos | ||||
| Conditional Mode Change... | ||||
| Fit Image... | ||||
| Lens Correction... | ||||
| Merge to HDR Pro... | ||||
| Photomerge... | ||||
| Scripts> | ||||
| Image Processor... | ||||
| Delete All Empty Layers | ||||
| Flatten All Layer Effects | ||||
| Flatten All Masks | ||||
| Layer Comps to Files... | ||||
| Layer Comps to WPG... | ||||
| Export Layers to Files... | ||||
| Script Events Manager... | ||||
| Load Files into Stack... | ||||
| Load Multiple DICOM Files... | ||||
| Statistics... | ||||
| Browse... | ||||
| File Info... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+I | |||
| Print... | Ctrl+P | |||
| Print One Copy | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+P | |||
| Exit | Ctrl+Q | |||
| Edit | ||||
| Undo/Redo | Ctrl+Z | |||
| Step Forward | Shift+Ctrl+Z | |||
| Step Backward | Alt+Ctrl+Z | |||
| Fade... | Shift+Ctrl+F | |||
| Cut | Ctrl+X F2 | |||
| Copy | Ctrl+C F3 | |||
| Copy Merged | Shift+Ctrl+C | |||
| Paste | Ctrl+V F4 | |||
| Paste Special> | ||||
| Paste In Place | Shift+Ctrl+V | |||
| Paste Into | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+V | |||
| Paste Outside | ||||
| Clear | ||||
| Check Spelling... | ||||
| Find and Replace Text... | ||||
| Fill... | Shift+F5 | |||
| Stroke... | ||||
| Content-Aware Scale | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+C | |||
| Puppet Warp | ||||
| Free Transform | Ctrl+T | |||
| Transform> | ||||
| Again | Shift+Ctrl+T | |||
| Scale | ||||
| Rotate | ||||
| Skew | ||||
| Distort | ||||
| Perspective | ||||
| Warp | ||||
| Rotate 180° | ||||
| Rotate 90° CW | ||||
| Rotate 90° CCW | ||||
| Flip Horizontal | ||||
| Flip Vertical | ||||
| Auto-Align Layers... | ||||
| Auto-Blend Layers... | ||||
| Define Brush Preset... | ||||
| Define Pattern... | ||||
| Define Custom Shape... | ||||
| Purge> | ||||
| Undo | ||||
| Clipboard | ||||
| Histories | ||||
| All | ||||
| Adobe PDF Presets... | ||||
| Preset Manager... | ||||
| Color Settings... | Shift+Ctrl+K | |||
| Assign Profile... | ||||
| Convert to Profile... | ||||
| Keyboard Shortcuts... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+K | |||
| Menus... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+M | |||
| Preferences> | ||||
| General... | Ctrl+K | |||
| Interface... | ||||
| File Handling... | ||||
| Performance... | ||||
| Cursors... | ||||
| Transparency & Gamut... | ||||
| Units & Rulers... | ||||
| Guides, Grid, & Slices... | ||||
| Plug-Ins... | ||||
| Type... | ||||
| 3D... | ||||
| Camera Raw... | ||||
| Image | ||||
| Mode> | ||||
| Bitmap | ||||
| Grayscale | ||||
| Duotone | ||||
| Indexed Color... | ||||
| RGB Color | ||||
| CMYK Color | ||||
| Lab Color | ||||
| Multichannel | ||||
| 8 Bits/Channel | ||||
| 16 Bits/Channel | ||||
| 32 Bits/Channel | ||||
| Color Table... | ||||
| Adjustments> | ||||
| Brightness/Contrast... | ||||
| Levels... | Ctrl+L | |||
| Curves... | Ctrl+M | |||
| Exposure... | ||||
| Vibrance... | ||||
| Hue/Saturation... | Ctrl+U | |||
| Color Balance... | Ctrl+B | |||
| Black & White... | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+B | |||
| Photo Filter... | ||||
| Channel Mixer... | ||||
| Invert | Ctrl+I | |||
| Posterize... | ||||
| Threshold... | ||||
| Gradient Map... | ||||
| Selective Color... | ||||
| Shadows/Highlights... | ||||
| HDR Toning... | ||||
| Variations... | ||||
| Desaturate | Shift+Ctrl+U | |||
| Match Color... | ||||
| Replace Color... | ||||
| Equalize | ||||
| Auto Tone | Shift+Ctrl+L | |||
| Auto Contrast | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+L | |||
| Auto Color | Shift+Ctrl+B | |||
| Image Size... | Alt+Ctrl+I | |||
| Canvas Size... | Alt+Ctrl+C | |||
| Image Rotation> | ||||
| 180° | ||||
| 90° CW | ||||
| 90° CCW | ||||
| Arbitrary... | ||||
| Flip Canvas Horizontal | ||||
| Flip Canvas Vertical | ||||
| Crop | ||||
| Trim... | ||||
| Reveal All | ||||
| Duplicate... | ||||
| Apply Image... | ||||
| Calculations... | ||||
| Variables> | ||||
| Define... | ||||
| Data Sets... | ||||
| Apply Data Set... | ||||
| Trap... | ||||
| Layer | ||||
| New> | ||||
| Layer... | Shift+Ctrl+N | |||
| Background | ||||
| Group... | ||||
| Group from Layers... | ||||
| Layer via Copy | Ctrl+J | |||
| Layer via Cut | Shift+Ctrl+J | |||
| Duplicate Layer (Group)... | ||||
| Delete> | ||||
| Delete Layer (Group) | ||||
| Hidden Layers | ||||
| Layer (Group) Properties | ||||
| Layer Style> | ||||
| Blending Options... | ||||
| Drop Shadow... | ||||
| Inner Shadow... | ||||
| Outer Glow... | ||||
| Inner Glow... | ||||
| Bevel and Emboss... | ||||
| Satin... | ||||
| Color Overlay... | ||||
| Gradient Overlay... | ||||
| Pattern Overlay... | ||||
| Stroke... | ||||
| Copy Layer Style | ||||
| Paste Layer Style | ||||
| Clear Layer Style | ||||
| Global Light... | ||||
| Create Layers | ||||
| Show/Hide All Effects | ||||
| Scale Effects... | ||||
| Smart Filter> | ||||
| Disable Smart Filters | ||||
| Delete Filter Mask | ||||
| Disable Filter Mask | ||||
| Clear Smart Filters | ||||
| New Fill Layer> | ||||
| Solid Color... | ||||
| Gradient... | ||||
| Pattern... | ||||
| New Adjustment Layer> | ||||
| Brightness/Contrast... | ||||
| Levels... | ||||
| Curves... | ||||
| Exposure... | ||||
| Vibrance... | ||||
| Hue/Saturation... | ||||
| Color Balance... | ||||
| Black & White... | ||||
| Photo Filter... | ||||
| Channel Mixer... | ||||
| Invert... | ||||
| Posterize... | ||||
| Threshold... | ||||
| Gradient Map... | ||||
| Selective Color... | ||||
| Layer Content Options... | ||||
| Layer Mask> | ||||
| Reveal All | ||||
| Hide All | ||||
| Reveal Selection | ||||
| Hide Selection | ||||
| From Transparency | ||||
| Delete | ||||
| Apply | ||||
| Enable/Disable Layer Mask | ||||
| Link/Unlink Layer Mask | ||||
| Vector Mask> | ||||
| Reveal All | ||||
| Hide All | ||||
| Current Path | ||||
| Delete | ||||
| Enable/Disable Vector Mask | ||||
| Link/Unlink Vector Mask | ||||
| Create/Release Clipping Mask | Alt+Ctrl+G | |||
| Smart Objects> | ||||
| Convert to Smart Object | ||||
| New Smart Object via Copy | ||||
| Edit Contents | ||||
| Export Contents... | ||||
| Replace Contents... | ||||
| Stack Mode> | ||||
| None | ||||
| Entropy | ||||
| Kurtosis | ||||
| Maximum | ||||
| Mean | ||||
| Median | ||||
| Minimum | ||||
| Range | ||||
| Skewness | ||||
| Standard Deviation | ||||
| Summation | ||||
| Variance | ||||
| Rasterize | ||||
| Video Layers> | ||||
| New Video Layer from File... | ||||
| New Blank Video Layer | ||||
| Insert Blank Frame | ||||
| Duplicate Frame | ||||
| Delete Frame | ||||
| Replace Footage... | ||||
| Interpret Footage... | ||||
| Show Altered Video | ||||
| Restore Frame | ||||
| Restore All Frames | ||||
| Reload Frame | ||||
| Rasterize | ||||
| Type> | ||||
| Create Work Path | ||||
| Convert to Shape | ||||
| Horizontal | ||||
| Vertical | ||||
| Anti-Alias None | ||||
| Anti-Alias Sharp | ||||
| Anti-Alias Crisp | ||||
| Anti-Alias Strong | ||||
| Anti-Alias Smooth | ||||
| Convert Text Shape Type | ||||
| Warp Text... | ||||
| Update All Text Layers | ||||
| Replace All Missing Fonts | ||||
| Rasterize> | ||||
| Type | ||||
| Shape | ||||
| Fill Content | ||||
| Vector Mask | ||||
| Smart Object | ||||
| Video | ||||
| 3D | ||||
| Layer | ||||
| All Layers | ||||
| New Layer Based Slice | ||||
| Group Layers | Ctrl+G | |||
| Ungroup Layers | Shift+Ctrl+G | |||
| Hide Layers | ||||
| Arrange> | ||||
| Bring to Front | Shift+Ctrl+] | |||
| Bring Forward | Ctrl+] | |||
| Send Backward | Ctrl+[ | |||
| Send to Back | Shift+Ctrl+[ | |||
| Reverse | ||||
| Align> | ||||
| Top Edges | ||||
| Vertical Centers | ||||
| Bottom Edges | ||||
| Left Edges | ||||
| Horizontal Centers | ||||
| Right Edges | ||||
| Distribute> | ||||
| Top Edges | ||||
| Vertical Centers | ||||
| Bottom Edges | ||||
| Left Edges | ||||
| Horizontal Centers | ||||
| Right Edges | ||||
| Lock All Layers | ||||
| Link/Unlink Layers | ||||
| Select Linked Layers | ||||
| Merge Layers | Ctrl+E | |||
| Merge Visible | Shift+Ctrl+E | |||
| Flatten Image | ||||
| Matting> | ||||
| Color Decontaminate... | ||||
| Defringe... | ||||
| Remove Black Matte | ||||
| Remove White Matte | ||||
| Select | ||||
| All | Ctrl+A | |||
| Deselect | Ctrl+D | |||
| Reselect | Shift+Ctrl+D | |||
| Inverse | Shift+Ctrl+I Shift+F7 | |||
| All Layers | Alt+Ctrl+A | |||
| Deselect Layers | ||||
| Similar Layers | ||||
| Color Range... | ||||
| Refine Mask... | Alt+Ctrl+R | |||
| Modify> | ||||
| Border... | ||||
| Smooth... | ||||
| Expand... | ||||
| Contract... | ||||
| Feather... | Shift+F6 | |||
| Grow | ||||
| Similar | ||||
| Transform Selection | ||||
| Edit in Quick Mask Mode | ||||
| Load Selection... | ||||
| Save Selection... | ||||
| Filter | ||||
| Last Filter | Ctrl+F | |||
| Convert for Smart Filters | ||||
| Filter Gallery... | ||||
| Lens Correction... | Shift+Ctrl+R | |||
| Liquify... | Shift+Ctrl+X | |||
| Vanishing Point... | Alt+Ctrl+V | |||
| Artistic> | ||||
| Colored Pencil... | ||||
| Cutout... | ||||
| Dry Brush... | ||||
| Film Grain... | ||||
| Fresco... | ||||
| Neon Glow... | ||||
| Paint Daubs... | ||||
| Palette Knife... | ||||
| Plastic Wrap... | ||||
| Poster Edges... | ||||
| Rough Pastels... | ||||
| Smudge Stick... | ||||
| Sponge... | ||||
| Underpainting... | ||||
| Watercolor... | ||||
| Blur> | ||||
| Average | ||||
| Blur | ||||
| Blur More | ||||
| Box Blur... | ||||
| Gaussian Blur... | ||||
| Lens Blur... | ||||
| Motion Blur... | ||||
| Radial Blur... | ||||
| Shape Blur... | ||||
| Smart Blur... | ||||
| Surface Blur... | ||||
| Brush Strokes> | ||||
| Accented Edges... | ||||
| Angled Strokes... | ||||
| Crosshatch... | ||||
| Dark Strokes... | ||||
| Ink Outlines... | ||||
| Spatter... | ||||
| Sprayed Strokes... | ||||
| Sumi-e... | ||||
| Distort> | ||||
| Diffuse Glow... | ||||
| Displace... | ||||
| Glass... | ||||
| Ocean Ripple... | ||||
| Pinch... | ||||
| Polar Coordinates... | ||||
| Ripple... | ||||
| Shear... | ||||
| Spherize... | ||||
| Twirl... | ||||
| Wave... | ||||
| ZigZag... | ||||
| Noise> | ||||
| Add Noise... | ||||
| Despeckle | ||||
| Dust & Scratches... | ||||
| Median... | ||||
| Reduce Noise... | ||||
| Pixelate> | ||||
| Color Halftone... | ||||
| Crystallize... | ||||
| Facet | ||||
| Fragment | ||||
| Mezzotint... | ||||
| Mosaic... | ||||
| Pointillize... | ||||
| Render> | ||||
| Clouds | ||||
| Difference Clouds | ||||
| Fibers... | ||||
| Lens Flare... | ||||
| Lighting Effects... | ||||
| Sharpen> | ||||
| Sharpen | ||||
| Sharpen Edges | ||||
| Sharpen More | ||||
| Smart Sharpen... | ||||
| Unsharp Mask... | ||||
| Sketch> | ||||
| Bas Relief... | ||||
| Chalk & Charcoal... | ||||
| Charcoal... | ||||
| Chrome... | ||||
| Conté Crayon... | ||||
| Graphic Pen... | ||||
| Halftone Pattern... | ||||
| Note Paper... | ||||
| Photocopy... | ||||
| Plaster... | ||||
| Reticulation... | ||||
| Stamp... | ||||
| Torn Edges... | ||||
| Water Paper... | ||||
| Stylize> | ||||
| Diffuse... | ||||
| Emboss... | ||||
| Extrude... | ||||
| Find Edges | ||||
| Glowing Edges... | ||||
| Solarize | ||||
| Tiles... | ||||
| Trace Contour... | ||||
| Wind... | ||||
| Texture> | ||||
| Craquelure... | ||||
| Grain... | ||||
| Mosaic Tiles... | ||||
| Patchwork... | ||||
| Stained Glass... | ||||
| Texturizer... | ||||
| Video> | ||||
| De-Interlace... | ||||
| NTSC Colors | ||||
| Other> | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| High Pass... | ||||
| Maximum... | ||||
| Minimum... | ||||
| Offset... | ||||
| Digimarc> | ||||
| Embed Watermark... | ||||
| Read Watermark... | ||||
| Browse Filters Online... | ||||
| Analysis | ||||
| Set Measurement Scale> | ||||
| Default | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| Select Data Points> | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| Record Measurements | ||||
| Ruler Tool | ||||
| Count Tool | ||||
| Place Scale Marker... | ||||
| 3D | ||||
| New Layer from 3D File... | ||||
| New 3D Postcard From Layer | ||||
| New Shape From Layer> | ||||
| Cone | ||||
| Cube | ||||
| Cube Wrap | ||||
| Cylinder | ||||
| Donut | ||||
| Hat | ||||
| Pyramid | ||||
| Ring | ||||
| Soda Can | ||||
| Sphere | ||||
| Spherical Panorama | ||||
| Wine Bottle | ||||
| New Mesh From Grayscale> | ||||
| Plane | ||||
| Two-Sided Plane | ||||
| Cylinder | ||||
| Sphere | ||||
| New Volume From Layers... | ||||
| Repoussé> | ||||
| Text Layer... | ||||
| Layer Mask... | ||||
| Selected Path... | ||||
| Current Selection... | ||||
| Create Constraint(s) From Selection... | ||||
| Create Constraint(s) From Selected Path... | ||||
| Edit in Repoussé... | ||||
| Split Repoussé Meshes | ||||
| Render Settings... | ||||
| Ground Plane Shadow Catcher | ||||
| Snap Object To Ground Plane | ||||
| Auto-Hide Layers For Performance | ||||
| Hide Nearest Surface | Alt+Ctrl+X | |||
| Only Hide Enclosed Polygons | ||||
| Invert Visible Surfaces | ||||
| Reveal All Surfaces | Alt+Shift+Ctrl+X | |||
| 3D Paint Mode> | ||||
| Diffuse | ||||
| Bump | ||||
| Glossiness | ||||
| Opacity | ||||
| Shininess | ||||
| Self-Illumination | ||||
| Reflection | ||||
| Select Paintable Areas | ||||
| Create UV Overlays> | ||||
| Wireframe | ||||
| Shaded | ||||
| Normal Map | ||||
| New Tiled Painting | ||||
| Paint Falloff... | ||||
| Reparameterize UVs... | ||||
| Merge 3D Layers | ||||
| Export 3D Layer... | ||||
| Resume Progressive Render | ||||
| Progressive Render Selection | ||||
| Rasterize | ||||
| Browse 3D Content Online... | ||||
| View | ||||
| Proof Setup> | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| Working CMYK | ||||
| Working Cyan Plate | ||||
| Working Magenta Plate | ||||
| Working Yellow Plate | ||||
| Working Black Plate | ||||
| Working CMY Plates | ||||
| Legacy Macintosh RGB (Gamma 1.8) | ||||
| Internet Standard RGB (sRGB) | ||||
| Monitor RGB | ||||
| Color Blindness - Protanopia-type | ||||
| Color Blindness - Deuteranopia-type | ||||
| Proof Colors | Ctrl+Y | |||
| Gamut Warning | Shift+Ctrl+Y | |||
| Pixel Aspect Ratio> | ||||
| Custom Pixel Aspect Ratio... | ||||
| Delete Pixel Aspect Ratio... | ||||
| Reset Pixel Aspect Ratios... | ||||
| Square | ||||
| D1/DV NTSC (0.91) | ||||
| D1/DV PAL (1.09) | ||||
| D1/DV NTSC Widescreen (1.21) | ||||
| HDV 1080/DVCPRO HD 720 (1.33) | ||||
| D1/DV PAL Widescreen (1.46) | ||||
| Anamorphic 2:1 (2) | ||||
| DVCPRO HD 1080 (1.5) | ||||
| Pixel Aspect Ratio Correction | ||||
| 32-bit Preview Options... | ||||
| Zoom In | Ctrl++ Ctrl+= | |||
| Zoom Out | Ctrl+- | |||
| Fit on Screen | Ctrl+0 | |||
| Actual Pixels | Ctrl+1 Alt+Ctrl+0 | |||
| Print Size | ||||
| Screen Mode> | ||||
| Standard Screen Mode | ||||
| Full Screen Mode With Menu Bar | ||||
| Full Screen Mode | ||||
| Extras | Ctrl+H | |||
| Show> | ||||
| Layer Edges | ||||
| Selection Edges | ||||
| Target Path | Shift+Ctrl+H | |||
| Grid | Ctrl+' | |||
| Guides | Ctrl+; | |||
| Count | ||||
| Smart Guides | ||||
| Slices | ||||
| Notes | ||||
| 3D Axis | ||||
| 3D Ground Plane | ||||
| 3D Lights | ||||
| 3D Selection | ||||
| Brush Preview | ||||
| Mesh | ||||
| All | ||||
| None | ||||
| Show Extras Options... | ||||
| Rulers | Ctrl+R | |||
| Snap | Shift+Ctrl+; | |||
| Snap To> | ||||
| Guides | ||||
| Grid | ||||
| Layers | ||||
| Slices | ||||
| Document Bounds | ||||
| All | ||||
| None | ||||
| Lock Guides | Alt+Ctrl+; | |||
| Clear Guides | ||||
| New Guide... | ||||
| Lock Slices | ||||
| Clear Slices | ||||
| Window | ||||
| Arrange> | ||||
| Cascade | ||||
| Tile | ||||
| Float in Window | ||||
| Float All in Windows | ||||
| Consolidate All to Tabs | ||||
| Match Zoom | ||||
| Match Location | ||||
| Match Rotation | ||||
| Match All | ||||
| New Window | ||||
| Workspace> | ||||
| Essentials (Default) | ||||
| New in CS 5 | ||||
| 3D | ||||
| Design | ||||
| Motion | ||||
| Painting | ||||
| Photography | ||||
| Reset Design | ||||
| New Workspace... | ||||
| Delete Workspace... | ||||
| Keyboard Shortcuts & Menus... | ||||
| Extensions> | ||||
| 3D | ||||
| Actions | Alt+F9 F9 | |||
| Adjustments | ||||
| Animation | ||||
| Brush | F5 | |||
| Brush Presets | ||||
| Channels | ||||
| Character | ||||
| Clone Source | ||||
| Color | F6 | |||
| Histogram | ||||
| History | ||||
| Info | F8 | |||
| Layer Comps | ||||
| Layers | F7 | |||
| Masks | ||||
| Measurement Log | ||||
| Navigator | ||||
| Notes | ||||
| Paragraph | ||||
| Paths | ||||
| Styles | ||||
| Swatches | ||||
| Tool Presets | ||||
| Options | ||||
| Tools | ||||
| Help | ||||
| Photoshop Help | F1 | |||
| Photoshop Support Center... | ||||
| About Photoshop... | ||||
| Legal Notices... | ||||
| System Info... | ||||
| Product Registration... | ||||
| Deactivate... | ||||
| Updates... | ||||
| GPU... | ||||
| Photoshop Online... | ||||
| Adobe Product Improvement Program... | ||||
Panel Menus | ||||
| Command | Shortcut | |||
| 3D | ||||
| Ground Plane Shadow Catcher | ||||
| Snap Object to Ground Plane | ||||
| Select Paintable Areas | ||||
| Create UV Overlays> | ||||
| Wireframe | ||||
| Shaded | ||||
| Normal Map | ||||
| Add Lights Preset... | ||||
| Replace Lights Presets... | ||||
| Save Lights Preset... | ||||
| Delete Current Lights Preset | ||||
| Resume Progressive Render | ||||
| Progressive Render Selection | ||||
| Export 3D Layer... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Actions | ||||
| Button Mode | ||||
| New Action... | ||||
| New Set... | ||||
| Duplicate | ||||
| Delete | ||||
| Play | ||||
| Start/Stop Recording | ||||
| Record Again... | ||||
| Insert Menu Item... | ||||
| Insert Stop... | ||||
| Insert Path | ||||
| Action Options... | ||||
| Playback Options... | ||||
| Clear All Actions | ||||
| Reset Actions | ||||
| Load Actions... | ||||
| Replace Actions... | ||||
| Save Actions... | ||||
| Commands | ||||
| Frames | ||||
| Image Effects | ||||
| LAB - Black & White Technique | ||||
| Production | ||||
| Stars Trails | ||||
| Text Effects | ||||
| Textures | ||||
| Video Actions | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Adjustments | ||||
| Expanded View | ||||
| Auto-Select Parameter | ||||
| Reset | ||||
| Save Preset... | ||||
| Load Preset... | ||||
| Delete Current Preset | ||||
| Auto Options (Levels/Curves)... | ||||
| Show Clipping for Black/White Points (Levels/Curves) | ||||
| Curves Display Options... | ||||
| Brightness/Contrast | ||||
| Levels | ||||
| Curves | ||||
| Exposure | ||||
| Vibrance | ||||
| Hue/Saturation | ||||
| Color Balance | ||||
| Black & White | ||||
| Photo Filter | ||||
| Channel Mixer | ||||
| Invert | ||||
| Posterize | ||||
| Threshold | ||||
| Gradient Map | ||||
| Selective Color | ||||
| Add Mask by Default | ||||
| Clip to Layer | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Animation (Frames) | ||||
| New Frame | ||||
| Delete Frames | ||||
| Delete Animation | ||||
| Copy Frames | ||||
| Paste Frames... | ||||
| Select All Frames | ||||
| Go To> | ||||
| Next Frame | ||||
| Previous Frame | ||||
| First Frame | ||||
| Last Frame | ||||
| Tween... | ||||
| Reverse Frames | ||||
| Optimize Animation... | ||||
| Make Frames From Layers | ||||
| Flatten Frames Into Layers | ||||
| Match Layer Across Frames... | ||||
| Create New Layer for Each New Frame | ||||
| New Layers Visible in All Frames | ||||
| Convert to Timeline | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Animation (Timeline) | ||||
| Delete Keyframe(s) | ||||
| Keyframe Interpolation> | ||||
| Linear | ||||
| Hold | ||||
| Select All Keyframes | ||||
| Select No Keyframes | ||||
| Copy Keyframe(s) | ||||
| Paste Keyframe(s) | ||||
| Set Start of Work Area | ||||
| Set End of Work Area | ||||
| Go To> | ||||
| Time... | ||||
| Next Frame | ||||
| Previous Frame | ||||
| First Frame | ||||
| Last Frame | ||||
| Work Area Start | ||||
| Work Area End | ||||
| Allow Frame Skipping | ||||
| Move Layer In Point to Current Time | ||||
| Move Layer End Point to Current Time | ||||
| Trim Layer Start to Current Time | ||||
| Trim Layer End to Current Time | ||||
| Trim Document Duration to Work Area | ||||
| Split Layer | ||||
| Lift Work Area | ||||
| Extract Work Area | ||||
| Make Frames From Layers | ||||
| Flatten Frames Into Layers | ||||
| Edit Timeline Comment... | ||||
| Export Timeline Comments... | ||||
| Document Settings... | ||||
| Convert to Frame Animation | ||||
| Onion Skin Settings... | ||||
| Enable Onion Skins | ||||
| Show> | ||||
| All Layers | ||||
| Favorite Layers | ||||
| Set Favorite Layers | ||||
| Enable Timeline Shortcut Keys | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Brush Presets | ||||
| New Brush Preset... | ||||
| Rename Brush... | ||||
| Delete Brush | ||||
| Text Only | ||||
| Small Thumbnail | ||||
| Large Thumbnail | ||||
| Small List | ||||
| Large List | ||||
| Stroke Thumbnail | ||||
| Preset Manager... | ||||
| Reset Brushes... | ||||
| Load Brushes... | ||||
| Save Brushes... | ||||
| Replace Brushes... | ||||
| Assorted Brushes | ||||
| Basic Brushes | ||||
| Calligraphic Brushes | ||||
| DP Brushes | ||||
| Drop Shadow Brushes | ||||
| Dry Media Brushes | ||||
| Faux Finish Brushes | ||||
| M Brushes | ||||
| Natural Brushes 2 | ||||
| Natural Brushes | ||||
| Round Brushes with Size | ||||
| Special Effect Brushes | ||||
| Square Brushes | ||||
| Thick Heavy Brushes | ||||
| Wet Media Brushes | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Brushes | ||||
| New Brush Preset... | ||||
| Clear Brush Controls | ||||
| Reset All Locked Settings | ||||
| Copy Texture to Other Tools | ||||
| Channels | ||||
| New Channel... | ||||
| Duplicate Channel... | ||||
| Delete Channels | ||||
| New Spot Channel... | ||||
| Merge Spot Channel | ||||
| Channel Options | ||||
| Split Channels | ||||
| Merge Channels... | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Clone Source | ||||
| Source 1 | ||||
| Source 2 | ||||
| Source 3 | ||||
| Source 4 | ||||
| Source 5 | ||||
| Reset Transform | ||||
| Lock Frame | ||||
| Show Overlay | ||||
| Clip To Brush Tip | ||||
| Auto Hide Overlay | ||||
| Invert Overlay | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Color | ||||
| Grayscale Slider | ||||
| RGB Sliders | ||||
| HSB Sliders | ||||
| CMYK Sliders | ||||
| Lab Sliders | ||||
| Web Color Sliders | ||||
| Copy Color as HTML | ||||
| Copy Color's Hex Code | ||||
| RGB Spectrum | ||||
| CMYK Spectrum | ||||
| Grayscale Ramp | ||||
| Current Colors | ||||
| Make Ramp Web Safe | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Histogram | ||||
| Uncached Refresh | ||||
| Compact View | ||||
| Expanded View | ||||
| All Channels View | ||||
| Show Statistics | ||||
| Show Channels in Color | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| History | ||||
| Step Forward | Shift+Ctrl+Z | |||
| Step Backward | Alt+Ctrl+Z | |||
| New Snapshot... | ||||
| Delete | ||||
| Clear History | ||||
| New Document | ||||
| History Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Info | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Color Samplers | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Layer Comps | ||||
| New Layer Comp... | ||||
| Duplicate Layer Comp | ||||
| Delete Layer Comp | ||||
| Update Layer Comp | ||||
| Apply Layer Comp | ||||
| Next Layer Comp | ||||
| Previous Layer Comp | ||||
| Restore Last Document State | ||||
| Layer Comp Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Layers | ||||
| New Layer... | Shift+Ctrl+N | |||
| Duplicate Layer (Group)... | ||||
| Delete Layer (Group) | ||||
| Delete Hidden Layers | ||||
| New Group... | ||||
| New Group from Layers... | ||||
| Lock All Layers | ||||
| Convert to Smart Object | ||||
| Edit Contents | ||||
| Layer (Group) Properties | ||||
| Blending Options... | ||||
| Edit Adjustment... | ||||
| Create/Release Clipping Mask | Alt+Ctrl+G | |||
| Link/Unlink Layers | ||||
| Select Linked Layers | ||||
| Merge Layers | Ctrl+E | |||
| Merge Visible | Shift+Ctrl+E | |||
| Flatten Image | ||||
| Animation Options> | ||||
| Automatic | ||||
| Always Show | ||||
| Always Hide | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Measurement Log | ||||
| Set Measurement Scale> | ||||
| Default | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| Select Data Points> | ||||
| Custom... | ||||
| Record Measurements | ||||
| Select All | ||||
| Deselect All | ||||
| Export Selected... | ||||
| Delete Selected | ||||
| Auto Display Panel | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Navigator | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Paths | ||||
| New Path... | ||||
| Duplicate Path... | ||||
| Delete Path | ||||
| Make Work Path... | ||||
| Make Selection... | ||||
| Fill Path... | ||||
| Stroke Path... | ||||
| Clipping Path... | ||||
| Panel Options... | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| SceneGraph | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Status | ||||
| Versions... | ||||
| Show in Bridge... | ||||
| Show> | ||||
| Adobe Drive | ||||
| Document Sizes | ||||
| Document Profile | ||||
| Document Dimensions | ||||
| Measurement Scale | ||||
| Scratch Sizes | ||||
| Efficiency | ||||
| Timing | ||||
| Current Tool | ||||
| 32-bit Exposure | ||||
| Styles | ||||
| New Style... | ||||
| Text Only | ||||
| Small Thumbnail | ||||
| Large Thumbnail | ||||
| Small List | ||||
| Large List | ||||
| Preset Manager... | ||||
| Reset Styles... | ||||
| Load Styles... | ||||
| Save Styles... | ||||
| Replace Styles... | ||||
| Abstract Styles | ||||
| Buttons | ||||
| Dotted Strokes | ||||
| DP Styles | ||||
| Glass Buttons | ||||
| Image Effects | ||||
| KS Styles | ||||
| Photographic Effects | ||||
| Text Effects 2 | ||||
| Text Effects | ||||
| Textures | ||||
| Web Styles | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Swatches | ||||
| New Swatch... | ||||
| Small Thumbnail | ||||
| Large Thumbnail | ||||
| Small List | ||||
| Large List | ||||
| Preset Manager... | ||||
| Reset Swatches... | ||||
| Load Swatches... | ||||
| Save Swatches... | ||||
| Save Swatches for Exchange... | ||||
| Replace Swatches... | ||||
| ANPA Colors | ||||
| DIC Color Guide | ||||
| FOCOLTONE Colors | ||||
| HKS E Process | ||||
| HKS E | ||||
| HKS K Process | ||||
| HKS K | ||||
| HKS N Process | ||||
| HKS N | ||||
| HKS Z Process | ||||
| HKS Z | ||||
| Mac OS | ||||
| Paint Color Swatches | ||||
| PANTONE color bridge CMYK EC | ||||
| PANTONE color bridge CMYK PC | ||||
| PANTONE color bridge CMYK UP | ||||
| PANTONE metallic coated | ||||
| PANTONE pastel coated | ||||
| PANTONE pastel uncoated | ||||
| PANTONE process coated | ||||
| PANTONE process uncoated | ||||
| PANTONE solid coated | ||||
| PANTONE solid matte | ||||
| PANTONE solid to process EURO | ||||
| PANTONE solid to process | ||||
| PANTONE solid uncoated | ||||
| Photo Filter Colors | ||||
| TOYO 94 COLOR FINDER | ||||
| TOYO COLOR FINDER | ||||
| TRUMATCH Colors | ||||
| VisiBone | ||||
| VisiBone2 | ||||
| Web Hues | ||||
| Web Safe Colors | ||||
| Web Spectrum | ||||
| Windows | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
| Tool Presets | ||||
| New Tool Preset... | ||||
| Rename Tool Preset... | ||||
| Delete Tool Preset | ||||
| Sort By Tool | ||||
| Show All Tool Presets | ||||
| Show Current Tool Presets | ||||
| Text Only | ||||
| Small List | ||||
| Large List | ||||
| Reset Tool | ||||
| Reset All Tools | ||||
| Preset Manager... | ||||
| Reset Tool Presets... | ||||
| Load Tool Presets... | ||||
| Save Tool Presets... | ||||
| Replace Tool Presets... | ||||
| Art History | ||||
| Brushes | ||||
| Crop and Marquee | ||||
| DP Presets | ||||
| M Tool Presets | ||||
| Mixer Brush Tool | ||||
| Splatter Brush Tool Presets | ||||
| Text | ||||
| Close | ||||
| Close Tab Group | ||||
Tools | ||||
| Tools | Shortcut | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Move Tool | V | |||
| Rectangular Marquee Tool | M | |||
| Elliptical Marquee Tool | M | |||
| Single Row Marquee Tool | ||||
| Single Column Marquee Tool | ||||
| Lasso Tool | L | |||
| Polygonal Lasso Tool | L | |||
| Magnetic Lasso Tool | L | |||
| Quick Selection Tool | W | |||
| Magic Wand Tool | W | |||
| Eyedropper Tool | I | |||
| Color Sampler Tool | I | |||
| Ruler Tool | I | |||
| Note Tool | I | |||
| Count Tool | I | |||
| Crop Tool | C | |||
| Slice Tool | C | |||
| Slice Select Tool | C | |||
| Spot Healing Brush Tool | J | |||
| Healing Brush Tool | J | |||
| Patch Tool | J | |||
| Red Eye Tool | J | |||
| Brush Tool | B | |||
| Pencil Tool | B | |||
| Color Replacement Tool | B | |||
| Mixer Brush Tool | B | |||
| Clone Stamp Tool | S | |||
| Pattern Stamp Tool | S | |||
| History Brush Tool | Y | |||
| Art History Brush Tool | Y | |||
| Eraser Tool | E | |||
| Background Eraser Tool | E | |||
| Magic Eraser Tool | E | |||
| Gradient Tool | G | |||
| Paint Bucket Tool | G | |||
| Blur Tool | ||||
| Sharpen Tool | ||||
| Smudge Tool | ||||
| Dodge Tool | O | |||
| Burn Tool | O | |||
| Sponge Tool | O | |||
| Pen Tool | P | |||
| Freeform Pen Tool | P | |||
| Add Anchor Point Tool | ||||
| Delete Anchor Point Tool | ||||
| Convert Point Tool | ||||
| Horizontal Type Tool | T | |||
| Vertical Type Tool | T | |||
| Horizontal Type Mask Tool | T | |||
| Vertical Type Mask Tool | T | |||
| Path Selection Tool | A | |||
| Direct Selection Tool | A | |||
| Rectangle Tool | U | |||
| Rounded Rectangle Tool | U | |||
| Ellipse Tool | U | |||
| Polygon Tool | U | |||
| Line Tool | U | |||
| Custom Shape Tool | U | |||
| 3D Object Rotate Tool | K | |||
| 3D Object Roll Tool | K | |||
| 3D Object Pan Tool | K | |||
| 3D Object Slide Tool | K | |||
| 3D Object Scale Tool | K | |||
| 3D Rotate Camera Tool | N | |||
| 3D Roll Camera Tool | N | |||
| 3D Pan Camera Tool | N | |||
| 3D Walk Camera Tool | N | |||
| 3D Zoom Camera Tool | N | |||
| Hand Tool | H | |||
| Rotate View Tool | R | |||
| Zoom Tool | Z | |||
| Targeted Adjustment Tool | ||||
| Default Foreground/Background Colors | D | |||
| Switch Foreground/Background Colors | X | |||
| Toggle Standard/Quick Mask Modes | Q | |||
| Toggle Screen Modes | F | |||
| Toggle Preserve Transparency | / | |||
| Decrease Brush Size | [ | |||
| Increase Brush Size | ] | |||
| Decrease Brush Hardness | { | |||
| Increase Brush Hardness | } | |||
| Previous Brush | , | |||
| Next Brush | . | |||
| First Brush | < | |||
| Last Brush | > | |||
| Foreground Color Picker | ||||
| Background Color Picker | ||||
| Load Mixer Brush | ||||
| Clean Mixer Brush | ||||
| Toggle Mixer Brush Auto-Load | ||||
| Toggle Mixer Brush Auto-Clean | ||||
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